Considering Married Filing Separately Status? Better Read This.

Learn about filing requirements for married filing separately status.
Find out how to change filing status.
Discover how filing separately affects Social Security benefits.
The downside of filing separately in regard to traditional IRA deductibility.
Learn about the restrictions regarding Roth IRA contributions that come with filing separately.
Find out if those filing separately receive a higher education interest deduction.
Learn how itemized deductions function when filing separately.
Will Medicare premiums increase if couples file separately?
Discover the rule regarding the child & dependent care credit for those filing separately.
Learn how to claim the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) if filing separately.
Find out how filing separately can negatively affect your ability to claim the Premium Tax Credit (PTC).
Do tax rates increase for those who file separately?
Learn about other limitations that result from filing separately.

Two Options for Married Taxpayers

Married taxpayers have two options when filing their 1040 or 1040-SR tax returns. The first and most often used filing status is married filing jointly, where the incomes and allowable expenses of both spouses are combined and reported on one tax return. The joint status almost always results in the lowest overall tax. Spouses who file together are jointly liable for the tax, meaning either or both can be held responsible for paying the tax from the joint return. The second option is to file as married filing separately.

In this case, each spouse files their own return. Depending on whether the taxpayers are residents of a separate or community property state, these separate returns may include just the income and eligible expenses of each filer or a percentage of their combined income and expenses. Couples may choose the married filing separately option for a variety of reasons:

In order to avoid the joint and several liability for the tax.
To keep finances separate because they have children from a prior marriage.
They only want to keep their taxes separate.
The marriage is tenuous.
The taxpayers are separated and don’t want to cooperate in filing a joint return.
One spouse might get a larger refund by filing separately (the other will pay more).
They think they can save money by filing separate returns, and a variety of other reasons.

Issues Related to Filing as Married Filing Separately

The fact of the matter is that Congress carefully writes the tax laws to eliminate tax breaks for those filing married filing separately and can make filing very complicated. Fiducial has some of the issues related to separate filings below.

Filing Requirements

Married filing jointly taxpayers generally do not need to file a return unless their joint income exceeds the standard deduction, $25,100 for 2021, but those filing married filing separately must file if they have just $5 of income.

Changing Filing Status

Taxpayers cannot change their filing status from joint to separate after the unextended return due date, usually April 15. However, they can change from a separate to a joint return any time up to 3 years.

Social Security Benefits

For joint filers, the income threshold where Social Security benefits become taxable stands at $32,000. For those filing separately, 85% of the benefits are taxable from the very first dollar of Social Security income.

Traditional IRA Deductibility

An IRA contribution is not deductible for higher-income taxpayers who are also active participants in qualified requirement plans. For joint filers with employer-sponsored plans, the IRA deductibility for 2021 begins to phase out when their joint income reaches $105,000. It fully phases out at $125,000. But when filing married filing separately, the deductibility begins to phase out with the first dollar of income and fully phases out when the AGI (adjusted gross income) reaches $10,000.

Roth IRA Contribution Restrictions

The ability to contribute to a Roth IRA is limited for higher-income taxpayers, and for joint filers, the 2021 allowable contribution phases out with AGIs between $198,000 and $208,000. However, for separate filers, the ability to contribute to a Roth IRA phases out for AGIs between $0 and $10,000.

Higher Education Interest Deduction

Joint-return filers can deduct $2,500 per year of qualified student loan interest, but separate-return filers do not receive any deductions.

Itemized Deductions

Where one spouse filing married filing separately itemizes their deductions, the other spouse must do the same and cannot take the standard deduction.

Medicare Premiums

The premiums for Medicare participants are substantially higher for individuals filing separate returns compared to those filing jointly. In addition, premiums are based on a taxpayer’s filing status 2 years prior. That means you won’t even notice the increase when you file separate returns. For example, if a couple filing jointly had an AGI of $180,000 in 2019, their monthly Medicare premiums in 2021 would be $207.90 per month each. On the other hand, if they had filed separate 2019 returns and each had an AGI of $90,000, their Medicare premiums in 2021 would be $475.20 per month each. Thus, each one’s premiums for the year would be $3,208 more in 2021 because they used the MFS status in 2019.

Child & Dependent Care Credit

Separate filers cannot claim this credit unless they are legally separated.

Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)

Generally, married filing separately filers cannot claim the EITC unless one or both are qualified to claim the head of household (HH) filing status. That would generally mean they are separated and maintaining separate households. To qualify for HH, a married taxpayer must pay half the cost of maintaining a home for a dependent child for the last 6 months of the year. A married couple cannot reside together and one of them claims HH filing status. Thus, under most marital separation circumstances, one spouse would file married filing separately and one HH, and only the one filing HH could claim the EITC if otherwise qualified.

Premium Tax Credit (PTC)

Although there are some infrequent exceptions, taxpayers filing as married filing separately won’t qualify for the PTC, which is the government supplement for the cost of health care insurance purchased through a government health marketplace for lower to middle-income taxpayers.

Tax Rates

The tax rates for married filing separately are twice what they are for joint-filing taxpayers.

Other Limitations

For married filing separately filers, most other tax deductions and limitations, such as the standard deduction, allowable capital losses, and rental loss limitations, are half of what they are for joint filers.

If you anticipate filing married separate returns, find out how that filing might impact the outcome of your tax liability. Call Fiducial at 1-866-FIDUCIAL or make an appointment at one of our office locations to discuss your situation.

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